ESWI Education Hub provides articles and links to important scientific papers, reviewed by the ESWI Board members, and other online educational activities
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- PodcastsIntervention Strategies: Bonus Episode - Busting myths and restoring trust in vaccinesWhat are the causes for the steady and at times dramatic decline in vaccine confidence seen since the mid-90’s across certain age-groups and communities? Why has the public discourse changed?Read more
- News,Scientific PapersThe impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection on dairy cowsHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been associated with severe mastitis in dairy cows, leading to decreased milk production.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersPurification and characterization of recombinant neuraminidase as a potentially broadly protective influenza virus vaccine candidateInfluenza viruses pose a significant public health threat, causing seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide.Read more
- NewsGlobal immunisation monitoring in times of drastic cutbacksOutbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases are increasing at a time when funding for immunisation programmes is being cut.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersH5N1 preparedness must integrate rural and agricultural realitiesSuccessful implementation requires a more explicit focus: the social and infrastructural realities of rural agricultural communities where H5N1 risk is currently concentrated.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersMacrophage-derived oncostatin M repairs the lung epithelial barrier during inflammatory damageTissue repair programs must function alongside antiviral immunity to restore the lung epithelial barrier following infection. In response to influenza or viral mimic challenge, mice lacking OSM exhibited heightened IFN-I responses and increased mortality.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersImmunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvantsRecombinant neuraminidase (NA) has emerged as an antigenically conserved intranasal vaccine candidate, capable of inducing broad cross-protection, but it requires effective mucosal adjuvants.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersSpatiotemporal reconstruction of the North American A(H5N1) outbreak reveals successive lineage replacements by descendant reassortantsFrom this outbreak, we have sequenced 2955 complete A(H5N1) viral genomes from samples collected in Canada and, in conjunction with previously published data, performed multifaceted phylodynamic analyses.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersAdenovirus and mRNA vaccines as well as mucosal boosting improve protective efficacy against influenza virus challenge in macaquesCurrent vaccines for influenza rely on inactivated or live-attenuated viruses, which can be costly and time-consuming to produce.Read more
- NewsHow governments influence public health research: a scoping reviewGovernments can become involved in academic research to assist in public health decision-making. However, when governments become involved, the research process can be influenced away from academic research practices, jeopardizing research integrity.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersSusceptibility and shedding in Mx1+ and Mx1− female mice experimentally infected with dairy cattle A(H5N1) influenza virusesClade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) (HPAI H5N1) viruses have spread prolifically in dairy cattle in the US, resulting in dozens of human infections, some without well-established links to animal contacts.Read more
- News,Policy & RecommendationsThe European Commission launches a new strategy to make Europe a global leader in life sciences by 2030Life sciences drive innovation in medicine, food and sustainable production, adding nearly €1.5 trillion in value to the EU economy and supporting 29 million jobs across the European Union.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersStructural and functional characterization of the antigenicity of influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype H15Avian H15 influenza viruses are closely related to H7 viruses, but feature a unique 9-amino acid insertion in their hemagglutinin head domain, creating an additional site for antigenic variation.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersIncrease in H5N1 vaccine antibodies confers cross-neutralization of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1The findings suggest that the current H5N1 vaccine can elicit cross-neutralization of circulating H5N1 strains, if high antibody titers are achieved.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersInfluenza at the human-animal interface: Summary and risk assessment, from 28 May to 1 July 2025From 28 May to 1 July 2025, based on reporting date, the detection of influenza A (H5N1) in nine humans, influenza A (H9N2) in three humans and influenza A(H10N3) in one human were reported officially.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersDe novo design of D-peptide ligands: Application to influenza virus hemagglutininAlthough D-peptides offer superior metabolic stability and immunogenicity properties compared to L-peptides, their discovery has been limited by current screening methods.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersNew guidance document on zoonotic avian influenza prevention, preparedness and response publishedThe Commission has published a guidance document on measures to prevent and respond to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) with potential zoonotic impact in animals other than birds.Read more
- Scientific Papers,NewsConsiderations for use of avian influenza A(H5) vaccines during the interpandemic and emergence periods: report of a WHO virtual scientific consultation, September 2024This report provides an overview of the landscape of A(H5) vaccines and summarizes options for Member States' potential use of A(H5) vaccination during the interpandemic and emergence periods.Read more
- News,Policy & RecommendationsThe fight against disinformation on health issues in the EUCroatia, Estonia, France, Germany, Lithuania, Slovenia and Spain produced an information note highlighting the loss of confidence in science and health authorities, representing a major challenge for democracies.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersEfficacy of baloxavir marboxil against bovine H5N1 virus in miceSince the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in U.S. dairy cattle in early 2024, the virus has spread rapidly, posing a major public health concern as the number of human cases continues to rise.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersInactivation of Influenza A Viruses (H1N1, H5N1) During Grana-Type Raw Milk Cheesemaking: Implications for Foodborne Transmission RiskThis study demonstrates that the traditional Grana-type cheese production process effectively inactivates both LPAIV and HPAIV, even at high contamination levels.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersImmunogenicity of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in pregnant women, including the level of postvaccination antibodies in umbilical cord bloodIt is necessary to increase knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccination during pregnancy to improve awareness among patients and healthcare professionals and increase to increase vaccination coverage.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersComparative effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children over multiple influenza seasons (2019–2023)Annual vaccination with LAIV4 or IIV4 remains the best way to protect children against influenza infection.Read more
- News,Scientific PapersOn the brink: H5N1 and the risk to human healthThe avian influenza virus is a pathogen that has been well known to the scientific community ever since its first detection in 1996.Read more